```html Practice Set 2 | The Age of Industrialisation | GSI MANTRA

Practice Set 2 — The Age of Industrialisation

Class 10 History • English Medium

NCERT + Board + Competitive Level

Class 10
Subject History
Chapter Industrialisation
Total Questions 30
Part A — Multiple Choice Questions

Q1. What was the main feature of proto-industrialisation?

Q2. Why did merchants move into the countryside in Europe before factories became common?

Q3. What did merchants provide to rural producers?

Q4. Which industry became one of the leading industries of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

Q5. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?

Q6. What was an important advantage of the Spinning Jenny?

Q7. What was the role of the steam engine in industrialisation?

Q8. Who improved the steam engine and made it more efficient for industrial use?

Q9. What was the significance of the cotton gin?

Q10. Which raw material became closely associated with the British textile industry?

Part B — Industrialisation in India

Q11. What were the traditional Indian textile centres famous for?

Q12. Why did Indian textile exports decline during the nineteenth century?

Q13. What did the British government impose on Indian textile exports to Britain?

Q14. Who were the gomasthas?

Q15. What problem did many Indian weavers face under the East India Company's system?

Part C — Match the Following

Q16. Match the following inventors with their inventions:

1. James Hargreaves
2. James Watt
3. Richard Arkwright
4. Samuel Crompton

a. Improved steam engine
b. Spinning Jenny
c. Water Frame
d. Spinning Mule

Q17. Match the following:

1. Spinning Jenny
2. Steam engine
3. Gomasthas
4. Industrialists

a. Supervised weavers
b. Factory owners
c. Mechanical power
d. Spinning machine

Part D — Assertion & Reason

Q18. Assertion (A): Factories did not immediately replace hand production.

Reason (R): Many goods continued to be produced by hand because machines could not easily produce certain specialised products.

Q19. Assertion (A): Industrialisation created new forms of employment.

Reason (R): Factories required workers to operate machines and perform different industrial tasks.

Q20. Assertion (A): Indian weavers faced difficulties under colonial rule.

Reason (R): The East India Company controlled supplies of raw materials and the sale of finished cloth in many areas.

Part E — Analytical Questions

Q21. Why were some merchants interested in controlling production?

Q22. Why did industrialists often prefer hand labour for some products?

Q23. How did industrialisation affect workers' lives?

Q24. Why were advertisements important for industrial products?

Part F — Passage-Based Questions
Read the passage carefully:

Before factories became an important part of industrial production, many merchants organised production through rural households. They supplied raw materials to peasants and artisans and collected the finished goods. This system allowed merchants to produce goods for wider markets while avoiding some restrictions imposed by urban guilds. It is often described as proto-industrialisation.

Q25. Where was much of the production carried out in the proto-industrial system?

Q26. Why did merchants use rural areas?

Read the passage carefully:

Indian textiles were famous in international markets for their quality and variety. However, during the nineteenth century, British machine-made cotton goods increasingly entered Indian markets. At the same time, Indian textile producers faced restrictions in important foreign markets. Many weavers experienced declining demand and increasing difficulties in maintaining their traditional livelihoods.

Q27. What happened to the Indian textile market because of British machine-made goods?

Q28. What was one effect of the decline in textile demand on Indian weavers?

Q29. Which statement best explains the relationship between industrialisation and hand production?

Q30. Which statement best summarises the process of industrialisation?

Test Result

Answer Key & Detailed Explanations
Q1. Correct Answer: B
Proto-industrialisation involved production organised by merchants through rural households and small workshops before the widespread growth of factories.
Q2. Correct Answer: A
Urban guilds controlled entry into trades and production in many towns. Merchants therefore increasingly turned to the countryside.
Q3. Correct Answer: A
Merchants supplied raw materials to rural producers and collected the finished products for sale in wider markets.
Q4. Correct Answer: A
Cotton textiles became one of the major industries of industrial Britain and played a central role in industrialisation.
Q5. Correct Answer: A
James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny, an important machine in the history of textile production.
Q6. Correct Answer: A
The Spinning Jenny enabled a worker to operate several spindles at the same time, increasing productivity.
Q7. Correct Answer: A
The steam engine provided mechanical power and became important in factories, transport and other industrial activities.
Q8. Correct Answer: A
James Watt improved the steam engine and made it much more useful for industrial purposes.
Q9. Correct Answer: A
The cotton gin helped separate cotton fibres from seeds, making cotton processing more efficient.
Q10. Correct Answer: A
Cotton was a crucial raw material for the expanding British textile industry.
Q11. Correct Answer: A
Indian textile centres were well known for high-quality handwoven and hand-printed textiles.
Q12. Correct Answer: A
British machine-made textiles competed with Indian products, while colonial trade policies restricted Indian access to important foreign markets.
Q13. Correct Answer: A
Indian textile exports to Britain faced duties and restrictions that made it difficult for Indian producers to compete.
Q14. Correct Answer: A
Gomasthas were paid servants appointed by the East India Company to supervise weavers and collect supplies.
Q15. Correct Answer: A
The Company system often restricted weavers' freedom and required them to sell cloth under conditions controlled by Company officials.
Q16. Correct Answer: A
James Hargreaves — Spinning Jenny; James Watt — improved steam engine; Richard Arkwright — Water Frame; Samuel Crompton — Spinning Mule.
Q17. Correct Answer: A
Spinning Jenny was a spinning machine; the steam engine provided mechanical power; gomasthas supervised weavers; industrialists owned or managed industrial enterprises.
Q18. Correct Answer: A
Factories did not immediately eliminate hand production because many specialised goods still required skilled manual work.
Q19. Correct Answer: A
The growth of factories created new wage-based employment because workers were needed to operate machines and perform industrial tasks.
Q20. Correct Answer: A
Company control over supplies and sales placed many Indian weavers in a difficult economic position.
Q21. Correct Answer: A
Merchants wanted greater control over production so that they could maintain regular supplies, manage quality and respond to market demand.
Q22. Correct Answer: A
Hand labour remained useful for specialised products and for work requiring flexibility or detailed craftsmanship.
Q23. Correct Answer: A
Industrialisation created wage employment, but factory workers often faced long working hours and difficult conditions.
Q24. Correct Answer: A
Advertisements helped manufacturers attract consumers, create demand and give products a distinctive identity.
Q25. Correct Answer: A
Proto-industrial production was largely carried out in rural households and small workshops.
Q26. Correct Answer: A
Merchants could avoid some of the restrictions imposed by urban guilds by organising production in rural areas.
Q27. Correct Answer: A
British machine-made cotton goods increased competition for Indian textile producers in Indian markets.
Q28. Correct Answer: A
Declining demand and increasing competition reduced the income opportunities of many traditional Indian weavers.
Q29. Correct Answer: A
Industrialisation did not immediately destroy hand production. Hand production continued alongside factories, especially for specialised and labour-intensive goods.
Q30. Correct Answer: A
Industrialisation was a broad process involving machines, new production systems, expanding markets and major changes in labour.
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